/* string literals are lexer identifier tokens with that particular value */
<program>   ::= <statement>*
<statement> ::= ( <label> | <directive> | <instruction> ) <newline>

<label> ::= <identifier> <colon>

<directive> ::= <dot> <section>

<section>   ::= "section" <identifier>

<instruction> ::= <identifier> <operands>

<operands> ::= <operand> ( <comma> <operands> )*

<operand>  ::= <register> | <immediate> | <memory>

<register> ::= <register_base> | <register_extra>
<register_base> ::= "rax" | "rbx" | "rcx" | "rdx" | "rsi" | "rdi" | "rbp" | "rsp"
<register_extra> ::= "r8" | "r9" | "r10" | "r11" | "r12" | "r13" | "r14" | "r15" 

<immediate> ::= <number> | <label_reference>
<number> ::= <octal> | <binary> | <decimal> | <hexadecimal>

<label_reference> ::= <identifier>

<memory> ::= <lbracket> <memory_expression> <rbracket>

<memory_expression> ::= <label_reference> | <register_expression>

<register_expression> ::= <register> <register_index>? <register_offset>?

<register_index> ::= <plus> <register> <asterisk> <number>

<register_offset> ::= <plus_or_minus> <number>

<plus_or_minus> ::= <plus> | <minus>